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Selasa, 18 Desember 2012
Contoh Penggunaan Memcache
Contoh penggunaan Memcache untuk menyimpan data.
<?php
$memcache = new Memcache;
$memcache->connect('localhost', 11211) or die ("Could not connect");
$key = "Test"; // Nama unique key yang akan disimpan (cache) di cluster memory
$cache_result = array();
$cache_result = $memcache->get($key); // nama object Memcached
if($cache_result){
// Jika request kedua (sudah di cache di awal)
$result=$cache_result;
}else{
// Jika request pertama ambil data dari database lalu distribusikan di memory server
$con = ocilogon("scott","tiger","orcl");
$sql ="SELECT * FROM EMP";
$sql = ociparse($con,$sql);
ociexecute($sql);
while(ocifetch($sql))
$result[]=ociresult($sql,"EMPNO"); // penyimpanan hasil query didalam array
$memcache->set($key, $result, MEMCACHE_COMPRESSED, 600); // disimpan 600 detik atau 10 menit dengan nama key $key
}
//Menampilkan data
foreach($result as $r){
echo "$r<br/>";
}
?>
Hasil dari file diatas, maka empno akan disimpan selama 10 menit.
How to Enable Memcache in Wamp server
Needed
Files
·
memcached.exe Direct Link
·
MSVCP71.DLL Windows DLL Files
·
msvcr71.dll
·
php_memcache.dll Working memcache for PHP 5.3.4
Steps
1.
Copy MSVCP71.DLL, msvcr71.dll to
C:\windows\system32
2.
Copy memcached.exe into C:\memcached
3.
Run Command Prompt as Administrator
4.
type: C:\memcached\memcached.exe -d
install
5.
type: C:\memcached\memcached.exe -d
start
6.
Copy php_memcache.dll to
C:\wamp\bin\php\php5.3.4\ext
7.
Restart Apache using Wamp controls
8.
Enable WAMP -> PHP -> PHP
Extensios -> php_memcache
9. Run
this code to test the installation:
<?php
$memcache = new Memcache;
$memcache->connect("localhost",11211); # You might need to
set "localhost" to "127.0.0.1"
echo "Server's version: " .
$memcache->getVersion() . "<br />\n";
$tmp_object = new stdClass;
$tmp_object->str_attr =
"test";
$tmp_object->int_attr = 123;
$memcache->set("key",$tmp_object,false,3600);
echo "Store data in the cache (data
will expire in 3600 seconds)<br />\n";
echo "Data from the cache:<br
/>\n";
var_dump($memcache->get("key"));
?>
If you see anything but errors, you are now
using memcache!
Memcached,
by default, loads with 64mb of memory for it’s use which is low for most applications. To change this to something else, navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\memcached
Server in your
registry, find the ImagePath entry and change it to look something
like this:
“C:\memcached\memcached.exe”
-d runservice -m 512
Now when you start the
service via net start “memcached Server”, it will run with 512mb of memory at
it’s disposal.
Kamis, 06 September 2012
Merubah Input Type pada HTML dengan Jquery
Untuk merubah input type pada html dengan jquery hanya membutuhkan satu baris script yaitu :
$('element').get(0).type = 'input type';
sebagai contoh untuk merubah input bertype text menjadi password kita hanya cukup menambahkan
$('#text').get(0).type = 'password';
sekian terima kasih atas kunjunganya
Senin, 14 Mei 2012
Installasi Eclipse dan Android SDK untuk Windows
Sebelum memulai langkah-langkah instalasi Eclipse dan Android SDK pastikan komputer Anda telah terinstal Java SE Development Kit (JDK) yang bisa diunduh di alamat http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html. Ukuran file installer JDK tersebut kurang lebih 78 MB.
Langkah-langkah instalasi Eclipse :
- Download file Eclipse Classic (ukuran kurang lebih 171 MB) di alamat http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
- File hasil download berbentuk .zip, kemudian uncompress file tersebut dengan tools-tools seperti WinRar
- Setelah diekstrak, maka akan dihasilkan folder eclipse, kemudian pindahkan folder tersebut di hardrive/lokasi yang mudah diakses
- Eclipse tidak memerlukan instalasi. Dalam folder eclipse akan ditemukan file eclipse.exe. Untuk membuka program eclipse tersebut cukup dilakukan eksekusi file eclipse.exe tersebut.
- Tampilan halaman awal eclipse akan tampak sebagai berikut :
- Selanjutnya yaitu melakukan instalasi plugin ADT Eclipse. Pastikan komputer telah terkoneksi dengan internet. Klik menu Help -> Install New Software. Klik Add pada sudut kanan atas dialog. Pada dialog Add repository, masukkan name "ADT Plugin", lalu masukkan URL https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/. Klik OK.
- Pada dialog Available Software, pilih checkbox Developer Tools, kemudian klik Next dan Next. Tunggu hingga selesai dan klik button Finish.
- Restart Eclipse Anda.
Langkah-langkah instalasi Android SDK :
- Download file Android SDK (ukuran kurang lebih 32 MB) di alamat http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
- Pada halaman tersebut akan ada dua pilihan installer. Jika Anda pilih yang .zip maka tidak perlu melakukan instalasi (cukup di-uncompress). Sedangkan jika Anda pilih yang recommended dalam bentuk .exe, maka nantinya Anda akan melakukan instalasi dengan mengeksekusi file .exe tersebut. Keduanya memiliki isi/file yang sama, tidak ada perbedaan.
- Untuk tutorial ini akan lebih mudah jika Anda mendownload versi Android SDK yang berekstensi .zip. Dengan demikian Anda hanya tinggal meng-uncompress file .zip tersebut.
- Hasil uncompress file .zip tersebut adalah sebuah folder dengan nama android-sdk-windows. Letakkan/pindahkan folder tersebut dimanapun agar mudah diakses. Misalnya di dalam folder eclipse yang sudah ada sebelumnya.
- Pastikan Anda terhubung ke internet. Eksekusi file SDK Manager.exe, kemudian klik button Update All untuk melakukan update library secara otomatis hingga selesai. Proses ini akan memakan waktu lama apabila Anda ingin memasang semua library untuk berbagai jenis tipe Android OS, karena jika semuanya terinstal kurang lebih akan memakan 2GB harddrive Anda. Sebenarnya ada cara lain agar Anda tidak perlu melakukan update via online, yaitu secara offline. Caranya yaitu dengan melakukan copy paste seluruh folder dan file android-sdk-windows milik orang lain yang sudah berhasil terinstal.
Langkah menghubungkan Eclipse dengan Android SDK :
- Buka Eclipse, kemudian masuk ke menu Window -> Preferences, lalu klik Tab Android
- Pada dialog tersebut klik button Browse, kemudian arahkan ke path/lokasi folder android-sdk-windows Anda.
- Klik Apply, maka akan muncul beberapa macam library yang siap digunakan, seperti tampak pada gambar berikut.
- Klik OK, selamat, sekarang Anda sudah siap melakukan uji coba membuat aplikasi Android menggunakan Eclipse.
sumber: http://www.adityarizki.net/2011/05/tutorial-instalasi-eclipse-dan-android-sdk-windows/
Senin, 07 Mei 2012
Contoh jQuery simple confirm()
Contoh pemakaian javascript confirm() pada jquery:
button:
<input type=\"button\" id=\"btndel\" class=\"delete\" value=\"Delete\" name=\"delete\" alt=\"aku\">
jquery script:
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
button:
<input type=\"button\" id=\"btndel\" class=\"delete\" value=\"Delete\" name=\"delete\" alt=\"aku\">
jquery script:
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$(".delete").click(function(){
var nama = $(this).attr('alt').toUpperCase();
var x = confirm("Menghapus User " + nama)
if(x){
alert("Lanjutkan")
}
})
})
</script>
Selasa, 17 April 2012
HTTPS or SSL Setup for Wamp Server
Here are my notes how I managed to get HTTPS working on Wamp5 in my test environment, meaning my laptop. The credits go to the guys at [www.apache-ssl.org].
OPENSSL_CONF ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE
Go to Control Panel – System – Advanced – Environment Variables
Add a new system variable OPENSSL_CONF:
Variable name: OPENSSL_CONF
Variable value: c:\wamp\Apache2\conf\openssl.cnf
Log out and log back in.
Go to the command prompt and type in:
set | more
Make sure you see the following line among the environment variables:
OPENSSL_CONF=c:\wamp\Apache2\conf\openssl.cnf
GENERATE KEY
Again in the command prompt, go to C:\wamp\Apache2\bin and run the following command:
openssl req -new > webserver.csr
The command runs and prompts you to enter a PEM pass phrase and verify it. Write down the phrase because you will need it later.
It will then ask you to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. When the command finishes, it has created several files, including privkey.pem, in c:\wamp\apache2\bin.
REMOVE PASSPHRASE
Run the following command:
openssl rsa -in privkey.pem -out webserver.key
You will be prompted for the pass phrase from the previous step. The RSA key is written and the file webserver.key is now available in the folder.
CONVERT INTO SIGNED CERTIFICATE
Run the following command to create a certificate which expires after one year:
openssl x509 -in webserver.csr -out webserver.cert -req -signkey webserver.key -days 365
STORE CERTIFICATE FILES
Create a folder c:\wamp\OpenSSL with the following subfolders:
certs
crl
newcerts
private
Copy the following files to certs:
webserver.cert
webserver.csr
webserver.key
Copy the following files to private:
.rnd
privkey.pem
cacert.pem (same as above, just a wild guess)
MODIFY HTTPD-SSL.CONF
Change the following lines, adjusting the email address and the paths to your settings:
SSLSessionCache "shmcb:C:/wamp/Apache2/logs/ssl_scache(512000)"
SSLMutex default
# General setup for the virtual host
DocumentRoot "C:/www/mysecuresite"
ServerName localhost:443
ServerAdmin myemail@example.com
ErrorLog "C:/wamp/logs/mysecuresite_error_log"
TransferLog "C:/wamp/logs/mysecuresite_access_log"
SSLCertificateFile "C:/wamp/OpenSSL/certs/webserver.cert"
SSLCertificateKeyFile "C:/wamp/OpenSSL/certs/webserver.key"
SSLCARevocationPath "C:/wamp/OpenSSL/crl"
<Directory "C:/wamp/Apache2/cgi-bin">
CustomLog "C:/wamp/logs/ssl_request_log" \
"%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"
MODIFY OPENSSL.CNF
There is a file openssl.cnf in c:\wamp\Apache2\conf even though no extension is shown in Windows Explorer. Go to the DOS command prompt and run DIR to see the file extension. Make a backup copy of this file first and rename it in DOS to openssl.cnf.txt so that you can edit it.
Modify the base directory:
dir = c:/wamp/OpenSSL # Where everything is kept
Go to the DOS prompt and change the name of the file back to openssl.cnf.
MODIFY HTTPD.CONF
Last, but not least, make sure your secure site is part of the virtual hosts in Apache:
# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
TEST HTTPS
Run httpd –t and make sure the syntax is OK.
Restart Apache.
Check that port 443 is open by running the following in the command prompt:
netstat -an | more
Test the https connection from your browser and hopefully it works :-)
CLIENT CERTIFICATES
For details on how to generate a client certificate see the instructions at [www.apache-ssl.org]
OPENSSL_CONF ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE
Go to Control Panel – System – Advanced – Environment Variables
Add a new system variable OPENSSL_CONF:
Variable name: OPENSSL_CONF
Variable value: c:\wamp\Apache2\conf\openssl.cnf
Log out and log back in.
Go to the command prompt and type in:
set | more
Make sure you see the following line among the environment variables:
OPENSSL_CONF=c:\wamp\Apache2\conf\openssl.cnf
GENERATE KEY
Again in the command prompt, go to C:\wamp\Apache2\bin and run the following command:
openssl req -new > webserver.csr
The command runs and prompts you to enter a PEM pass phrase and verify it. Write down the phrase because you will need it later.
It will then ask you to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. When the command finishes, it has created several files, including privkey.pem, in c:\wamp\apache2\bin.
REMOVE PASSPHRASE
Run the following command:
openssl rsa -in privkey.pem -out webserver.key
You will be prompted for the pass phrase from the previous step. The RSA key is written and the file webserver.key is now available in the folder.
CONVERT INTO SIGNED CERTIFICATE
Run the following command to create a certificate which expires after one year:
openssl x509 -in webserver.csr -out webserver.cert -req -signkey webserver.key -days 365
STORE CERTIFICATE FILES
Create a folder c:\wamp\OpenSSL with the following subfolders:
certs
crl
newcerts
private
Copy the following files to certs:
webserver.cert
webserver.csr
webserver.key
Copy the following files to private:
.rnd
privkey.pem
cacert.pem (same as above, just a wild guess)
MODIFY HTTPD-SSL.CONF
Change the following lines, adjusting the email address and the paths to your settings:
SSLSessionCache "shmcb:C:/wamp/Apache2/logs/ssl_scache(512000)"
SSLMutex default
# General setup for the virtual host
DocumentRoot "C:/www/mysecuresite"
ServerName localhost:443
ServerAdmin myemail@example.com
ErrorLog "C:/wamp/logs/mysecuresite_error_log"
TransferLog "C:/wamp/logs/mysecuresite_access_log"
SSLCertificateFile "C:/wamp/OpenSSL/certs/webserver.cert"
SSLCertificateKeyFile "C:/wamp/OpenSSL/certs/webserver.key"
SSLCARevocationPath "C:/wamp/OpenSSL/crl"
<Directory "C:/wamp/Apache2/cgi-bin">
CustomLog "C:/wamp/logs/ssl_request_log" \
"%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"
MODIFY OPENSSL.CNF
There is a file openssl.cnf in c:\wamp\Apache2\conf even though no extension is shown in Windows Explorer. Go to the DOS command prompt and run DIR to see the file extension. Make a backup copy of this file first and rename it in DOS to openssl.cnf.txt so that you can edit it.
Modify the base directory:
dir = c:/wamp/OpenSSL # Where everything is kept
Go to the DOS prompt and change the name of the file back to openssl.cnf.
MODIFY HTTPD.CONF
Change
#LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
to
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
TEST HTTPS
Run httpd –t and make sure the syntax is OK.
Restart Apache.
Check that port 443 is open by running the following in the command prompt:
netstat -an | more
Test the https connection from your browser and hopefully it works :-)
CLIENT CERTIFICATES
For details on how to generate a client certificate see the instructions at [www.apache-ssl.org]
Senin, 09 April 2012
Install dan Configure phpMyAdmin Designer
Langkah pertama download versi phpMyAdmin versi terbaru di http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/downloads.php.
saya menggunakan phpMyAdmin-3.4.5-all-languages.7z
Setelah download selesai , extract file tersebut. Lalu buat database : phpmyadmin .
Lalu import file create_tables.sql dan upgrade_tables_mysql_4_1_2+.sql dari folder script.
Replace phpmyadmin yang lama dengan yang baru , buka file config.default.php dari folder libraries.
kemudian ubah seperti dibawah ini :
/* Storage database and tables */$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['bookmarktable'] = 'pma_bookmark';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['relation'] = 'pma_relation';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_info'] = 'pma_table_info';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_coords'] = 'pma_table_coords';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pdf_pages'] = 'pma_pdf_pages';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['column_info'] = 'pma_column_info';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['history'] = 'pma_history';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['tracking'] = 'pma_tracking';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['designer_coords'] = 'pma_designer_coords';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['userconfig'] = 'pma_userconfig';
Simpan dan jalankan http://localhost/phpmyadmin/
Selamat mencoba...
Conversi .Htaccess untuk Apache ke Nginx
Contoh:
Jika pada apache
rewrite ^manual\.html$ index.php?action=manual&mdrw=on last;
rewrite ^([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)\.html$ index.php?action=vthread&forum=$1&page=$2&mdrw=on last;
Semoga bermanfaat
Jika pada apache
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^index\.html$ ./index.php?mdrw=on
RewriteRule ^manual\.html$ ./index.php?action=manual&mdrw=on
RewriteRule ^([0-9]+)_([-0-9]+)\.html$ ./index.php?action=vtopic&forum=$1&page=$2&mdrw=on
Maka pada Nginx
rewrite ^index\.html$ index.php?mdrw=on last;rewrite ^manual\.html$ index.php?action=manual&mdrw=on last;
rewrite ^([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)\.html$ index.php?action=vthread&forum=$1&page=$2&mdrw=on last;
Semoga bermanfaat
Nginx Php MySql for Windows
Nginx (baca: engine x) adalah server HTTP dan Proxy dengan kode sumber terbuka yang bisa juga berfungsi sebagai proxy IMAP/POP3. Kode sumber nginx ditlis oleh seorang warga negara Rusia yang bernama Igor Sysoev pada tahun 2002 dan dirilis ke publik pada tahun 2004. Nginx terkenal karena stabil, memiliki tingkat performansi tinggi dan minim mengonsumsi sumber daya(sumber: wikipedia).
untuk download Nginx+Php+MySql dapat menuju langsung ke http://code.google.com/p/wemp/downloads/list
Senin, 02 April 2012
Oracle Create Table Statement
Using a CREATE TABLE statement
The syntax for creating a primary key using a CREATE TABLE statement is:
CREATE TABLE table_name
(column1 datatype null/not null,
column2 datatype null/not null,
...
CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2, . column_n)
);
For Example:
CREATE TABLE supplier ( supplier_id numeric(10) not null, supplier_name varchar2(50) not null, contact_name varchar2(50), CONSTRAINT supplier_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id) );
In this example, we've created a primary key on the supplier table called supplier_pk. It consists of only one field - the supplier_id field.
We could also create a primary key with more than one field as in the example below:
CREATE TABLE supplier ( supplier_id numeric(10) not null, supplier_name varchar2(50) not null, contact_name varchar2(50), CONSTRAINT supplier_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id, supplier_name) );
Using an ALTER TABLE statement
The syntax for creating a primary key in an ALTER TABLE statement is:
ALTER TABLE table_name
add CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2, ... column_n);
For Example:
ALTER TABLE supplieradd CONSTRAINT supplier_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id);
In this example, we've created a primary key on the existing supplier table called supplier_pk. It consists of the field called supplier_id.
We could also create a primary key with more than one field as in the example below:
ALTER TABLE supplieradd CONSTRAINT supplier_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id, supplier_name);
Drop a Primary Key
The syntax for dropping a primary key is:
ALTER TABLE table_name
drop CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
For Example:
ALTER TABLE supplierdrop CONSTRAINT supplier_pk;
In this example, we're dropping a primary key on the supplier table called supplier_pk.
Disable a Primary Key
The syntax for disabling a primary key is:
ALTER TABLE table_name
disable CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
For Example:
ALTER TABLE supplierdisable CONSTRAINT supplier_pk;
In this example, we're disabling a primary key on the supplier table called supplier_pk.
Enable a Primary Key
The syntax for enabling a primary key is:
ALTER TABLE table_name
enable CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
For Example:
ALTER TABLE supplierenable CONSTRAINT supplier_pk;
In this example, we're enabling a primary key on the supplier table called supplier_pk.
Minggu, 01 April 2012
Setting phpMyAdmin Dengan Cookie Authentication
Buka file config.inc.php yang ada di folder phpMyadmin kemudian gantilah seperti dibawah ini
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = ‘isidenganterserahanda’;
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'cookie'; // Authentication method (config, http or cookie based)?]
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root'; // MySQL user
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = ''; // MySQL password
Hasil:
Rabu, 28 Maret 2012
Alter Table Statement
The ALTER TABLE statement allows you to rename an existing table. It can also be used to add, modify, or drop a column from an existing table.
Renaming a table
The basic syntax for renaming a table is:
ALTER TABLE table_name
RENAME TO new_table_name;
For Example:
ALTER TABLE suppliersRENAME TO vendors;
This will rename the suppliers table to vendors.
Adding column(s) to a table
Syntax #1
To add a column to an existing table, the ALTER TABLE syntax is:
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name column-definition;
For Example:
ALTER TABLE supplierADD supplier_name varchar2(50);
This will add a column called supplier_name to the supplier table.
Syntax #2
To add multiple columns to an existing table, the ALTER TABLE syntax is:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD ( column_1 column-definition, column_2 column-definition, ... column_n column_definition );
For Example:
ALTER TABLE supplier ADD ( supplier_name varchar2(50), city varchar2(45) );
This will add two columns (supplier_name and city) to the supplier table.
Modifying column(s) in a table
Syntax #1
To modify a column in an existing table, the ALTER TABLE syntax is:
ALTER TABLE table_name
MODIFY column_name column_type;
For Example:
ALTER TABLE supplierMODIFY supplier_name varchar2(100) not null;
This will modify the column called supplier_name to be a data type of varchar2(100) and force the column to not allow null values.
Syntax #2
To modify multiple columns in an existing table, the ALTER TABLE syntax is:
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY ( column_1 column_type, column_2 column_type, ... column_n column_type );
For Example:
ALTER TABLE supplier MODIFY ( supplier_name varchar2(100) not null, city varchar2(75) );
This will modify both the supplier_name and city columns.
Drop column(s) in a table
Syntax #1
To drop a column in an existing table, the ALTER TABLE syntax is:
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name;
For Example:
ALTER TABLE supplierDROP COLUMN supplier_name;
This will drop the column called supplier_name from the table called supplier.
Rename column(s) in a table
(NEW in Oracle 9i Release 2)
Syntax #1
Starting in Oracle 9i Release 2, you can now rename a column.
To rename a column in an existing table, the ALTER TABLE syntax is:
ALTER TABLE table_name
RENAME COLUMN old_name to new_name;
For Example:
ALTER TABLE supplierRENAME COLUMN supplier_name to sname;
This will rename the column called supplier_name to sname.
Acknowledgements: Thanks to Dave M., Craig A., and Susan W. for contributing to this solution!
Practice Exercise #1:
Based on the departments table below, rename the departments table to depts.
CREATE TABLE departments ( department_id number(10) not null, department_name varchar2(50) not null, CONSTRAINT departments_pk PRIMARY KEY (department_id) );
Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would rename the departments table to depts:
ALTER TABLE departmentsRENAME TO depts;
Practice Exercise #2:
Based on the employees table below, add a column called salary that is a number(6) datatype.
CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_number number(10) not null, employee_name varchar2(50) not null, department_id number(10), CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_number) );
Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would add a salary column to the employees table:
ALTER TABLE employeesADD salary number(6);
Practice Exercise #3:
Based on the customers table below, add two columns - one column called contact_name that is a varchar2(50) datatype and one column called last_contacted that is a date datatype.
CREATE TABLE customers ( customer_id number(10) not null, customer_name varchar2(50) not null, address varchar2(50), city varchar2(50), state varchar2(25), zip_code varchar2(10), CONSTRAINT customers_pk PRIMARY KEY (customer_id) );
Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would add the contact_name and last_contacted columns to the customers table:
ALTER TABLE customers ADD ( contact_name varchar2(50), last_contacted date );
Practice Exercise #4:
Based on the employees table below, change the employee_name column to a varchar2(75) datatype.
CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_number number(10) not null, employee_name varchar2(50) not null, department_id number(10), CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_number) );
Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would change the datatype for the employee_name column to varchar2(75):
ALTER TABLE employeesMODIFY employee_name varchar2(75);
Practice Exercise #5:
Based on the customers table below, change the customer_name column to NOT allow null values and change the state column to a varchar2(2) datatype.
CREATE TABLE customers ( customer_id number(10) not null, customer_name varchar2(50), address varchar2(50), city varchar2(50), state varchar2(25), zip_code varchar2(10), CONSTRAINT customers_pk PRIMARY KEY (customer_id) );
Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would modify the customer_name and state columns accordingly in the customers table:
ALTER TABLE customers MODIFY ( customer_name varchar2(50) not null, state varchar2(2) );
Practice Exercise #6:
Based on the employees table below, drop the salary column.
CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_number number(10) not null, employee_name varchar2(50) not null, department_id number(10), salary number(6), CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_number) );
Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would drop the salary column from the employees table:
ALTER TABLE employeesDROP COLUMN salary;
Practice Exercise #7:
Based on the departments table below, rename the department_name column to dept_name.
CREATE TABLE departments ( department_id number(10) not null, department_name varchar2(50) not null, CONSTRAINT departments_pk PRIMARY KEY (department_id) );
Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would rename the department_name column to dept_name in the departments table:
ALTER TABLE departmentsRENAME COLUMN department_name to dept_name;

